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饲养管理

Breeding management

1动物的饲养环境

1The breeding environment of animals

1、1饲养场所应建在环境空气质量及自然环境条件较好的区域,远离居民区和交通要道,远离有严重空气污染、震动或噪声干扰的区域。

1、1The farm should be located in a place with good air quality and appropriate natural conditions,far from residential area and main roads,being kept away from badly polluted places and places being disturbed with vibrations or noises.

1、2 动物的房舍应通风、透光、清洁、干燥。房舍内墙壁应光滑、平整,阴阳角应为园弧型,以利冲洗消毒。墙面应采用耐腐蚀、无反光、耐冲击不易脱落的材料建筑。地面应防滑、防磨、无渗透。天花板应耐水、耐腐蚀。屋顶应设通风透光、换气设备。屋内还应设保温设备,以利冬季保温。

1、2The houses of the animals should be well-ventilated, good lighting,clean,and dry.The internal wall should be smooth and neat,with arc-shaped corns that enable easy swashing and sterilization.The surface of the walls should be made from erosion-resistent,non-reflectible and impact-resistent materials,which are not susceptable to peeling-off.The ceiling should be water-resistent and erosion-resistent.On the roof of the house,there should be ventilating and lighting equipments.And there should be warming equipment inside the houses for the sake of keeping warm in winter.

1、3 灵长类实验动物饲养房内的温度需控制在18℃~29℃,相对湿度应控制在40%~70%。猕猴在人工饲养管理条件下,最适宜的温度是20℃~25℃,最适湿度为40%~60%。室内应设有通风换气设备,维持室内空气流通,保持空气新鲜。

1、3 The houses for primate laboratory animals should be maintained on a temperature between 18℃ and 29℃,with relative humidity within the scope of 40~70%.For macaques under artificial breeding,the optimal temperature range is from 20℃ to 25℃,and the optimal humidity is 40~60%.There should be ventilating equipment installed inside the house so as to keep air circulating and refresh the internal air.

1、4动物饲养区应实行封闭式管理。四周要有围墙(栏)。场区要划分为繁殖区、育成区和隔离检疫区。另外应设有相应的配套设备,如:饲料房、饲料仓库、兽医室、治疗室等。

1、4The breeding area should be implemented close management with fences surrounding around.The area should be divided into reproducing subarea,growing subarea, and isolating and quarantine subarea. In addition, auxiliary units,such as feed units,feed storage,veterinarian room,and treatment room,should also be supplied.

1、5灵长类实验动物饲养环境指标

1、5Environmental indexes for breeding of primate laboratory animals:

注:表中氨浓度为动态指标

Note: The ammonia concentration indicated in this form refers to an ambulatory index. 

2动物笼舍

2Animal Cages

灵长类实验动物的笼舍和设施的设计必须充分考虑动物的福利,为动物提供舒适的环境和足够的空间,使得能够动物自由活动。有条件的单位应设置管道、秋千或其它玩具。另外要设有防止动物逃跑的护栏。总之,灵长类实验动物的笼舍应保证动物正常的生活、生长、繁殖,有益于动物的安全与健康。

Design of the cages and equipments for primate laboratory animals must be established on the basis of the animals’comfortablity.This principle is embodied in providing comfortable conditions and sufficient space so that the animal can live a free life.Units that possess sufficient money should also equip pipelines,swings or other toys in the cages.On the other hand,there should be fences preventing animals from escaping.In one word,cages of primate laboratory animals should be suitable for animals’ living,growing, and reproducing,as well as good to their safety and health.

灵长类实验动物的笼舍按其饲养方式分舍养型房舍和笼养型房舍。

Cages of primate laboratory animals can be categorized as room-breeding houses and cage-breeding houses on the basis of different breeding styles.

2、1笼养型房舍

2、1Cage-breeding houses

笼养型房舍要宽敞明亮,房顶建有可随时开启的玻璃通气窗,以接受阳光照射。房舍两边窗户通风透气,窗外罩上铁丝网防止动物逃跑。饲养房内由于经常使用水和消毒液清洗,地面必须要用耐水、耐磨、耐腐蚀的材料,地面材料接墙处要有15cm高的踢脚,拐角处呈园弧型,整个地面做成有适当斜度的完全防水地面,并设置带回水弯的排水口。

Cage-breeding houses should be spacious and bright,with openable glass ventilating windows on the ceiling that allow appropriate sunshine.Windows on both sides of the houses are installed for ventilating,and the external barbed wires act as barrier against animals’ escape.As the breeding houses are doomed to frequent swash by water or disinfecting fluid,the floor should be made from water-resistent,friction-resistent,and erosion-resistent materials.There should be a 15cm-high copestone at the interface between floor and wall and the corns should be in a shape of round arcs.The overall floor,which is somewhat inclined,should be covered with thoroughly waterproof materials,with curved drainage outline set on it.

单个笼具尺寸不小于60cm×60cm×80cm,为不锈钢材料或表面光滑、耐酸、耐碱、耐腐蚀、易清洗消毒的钢筋焊接而成,表面光滑、无毛刺、不断裂、不脱焊。每个笼内附设饲料盒和饮水器各一个。单笼成长排放置,笼与笼之间有隔板防止动物互相攻击,笼背面的隔板可以前后拉动,便于在笼内固定动物。在正面门上装置弹簧按扣拉锁,防止动物逃跑。笼底至地面的距离为60cm,防止动物摄食地上污染食物。笼下设有一定倾斜度的污物槽,污物槽表面要光滑便于冲洗。动物的粪便尿液及残留食物可通过污物槽用水冲到房舍的排水口处,污物槽应保持干净,必要时用刷子刷洗。

The size of a single cage should be no smaller than 60cm×60cm×80cm.Sealed with smooth, acid-and-alkali-resistent, erosion-resistent,and easy-to-clean-and-sterilized steel rods,the cage has a smooth surface,being free from burrs and cracks,and never vulnerable to desealization.Each cage has a feed box and a water-drinker in it.The cages should be assigned in a line,with clapboards inserted between cages to prevent the animals from mutual assaults.And the clapboards on the back of the cage can be pulled forward and backward so that the animal can be arrested internally.Sping-fastener-zip should be installed on the front face of the door for the sake of keeping an eye on the animals.The base of the cage should be 60cm high from the ground in order to avoid the animals take up contaminated foods from the ground.In addition, a waste flume that is somewhat sloping should be set under the cage with a smooth surface convenient for cleaning.Stools and urines of the animals can be swashed to the drainage outlet of the houses.The flume should keep clean,and should be scrubed by brushes if necessary.

笼养型房舍一般用于饲养检疫、实验期动物。

Cage-breeding houses are generally employed for animals during quarantine or experiments.

2、2舍养型房舍

2、2 Room-breeding houses

舍养型房舍分为内室和外室。内室应设通风换气和供暖设备。另外要有供动物蹲坐的栖息架,便于动物栖息、遮风避雨和防寒。外室为露天的封闭式铁栏网结构,装有栖息架和秋千,供动物户外活动。

Room-breeding houses can be divided into internal and external chambers.The internal chamber should be equipped with ventilating and heating instruments.There should also be rest shelves for the animals to sit or lean on so that animals can rest,keep from rains, winds and cold there.The external chamber should be a closed iron-fence structure exposed in the air,which should also be installed with rest shelves and swings for animals’ outdoor activity.

内外室的建筑面积比例为1:1.5~2.5,内外室面积之和为20~25平方米,中间有一小门相通,外室设有缓冲的过道便于工作人员和动物进出。房舍地面为整体水磨石面层,表面防滑耐磨、无裂缝、无渗透,地面坡度应满足清洗排污的要求。房舍内外墙壁光滑平整、墙面涂料应耐水洗、防腐蚀、无反光、耐冲击,墙角应为园弧型,便于清洗。适合大笼饲养的动物有繁殖群和育成猴群。繁殖群每舍一般饲养8只(雄雌比例为1:7);育成猴群每舍饲养同种性别动物8~13只。

The ratio of building areas of internal to external chambers is 1:1.5~1:2.5.And the total area of both internal and external chambers is 20~25 square meters,with a small door connecting the two chambers.The external chamcer should have accessorial pathway serving as the entry or exit for both personnel and animals.The floor of the house should be completely made of abraders,and hence it is slide-proof,wear-resistent,free-from-cracks and non-permeatible,and the slope of the floor should be compliant with the requirement of cleaning and washing.The internal and external walls should be smooth and neat, and the dope should be water-resistent,erosion-proof,free-from-reflectance,and impact-resistent.The wall corn should be in round-arc shape for the sake of washing and cleaning.Two types of monkeys are suitable to be raisen in large cages,one is reproductive monkey group,the other is growing monkey group.There are usually 8 breeding monkeys (M : F=7:1)being put in one cage; while growing monkeys often take an house by 8~13 individuals.

3动物饲料

3Animal Feeds

饲料应保持清洁干净、新鲜,做到无杂质、无异味、无霉变、无发酵、无虫蛀及鼠咬。不得擅自加入抗生素、驱虫剂、防腐剂、色素、促生长剂以及激素等添加剂。

The feeds should be kept clean and fresh,free from impurities,strange tastes,molds,fermination,insects,and mice、 Additives,such as antibiotics,insectifuge,antiseptic,pigments,growth-promoting agents,and hormones,cannot be added without official permission.

饲料配方要充分考虑动物的生理习性,并注意饲料的适口性,如猴为素食行动物,喜食水果、蔬菜及玉米等粮食作物。饲养中要注意合理搭配。为保证其营养需要,成猴粗蛋白含量一般应达到16%,幼猴还应高些,应达18~20%。应注意钙磷比例,补充维生素C。为达到饲养标准,满足动物粗蛋白质及代谢能的基本需要,其饲料配方应由有专长的人根据饲料品种、季节变化、饲料来源制定相应配方,并定期检测、测定饲料营养成份。

The feeds should be formulated in regard of the animals’ physiological properties, habits, as well as taking account of their oral adaptability.For example,monkeys prefer vegetarian diet,so they favor fruits,vegetables,and corns.Therefore it seems extremely important to make a rational feed formula.In order to ensure the nutritional requirement of monkeys,unprocessed proteins should account for at least 16% of adult monkeys’ feeds.This percentage should be even higher for juvenile monkeys,that is to say,about 18~20%.Attentions should also be paid to the ratio of calcium to phosphorum and supplement of VitC as well.In order to reach the breeding standard and meet animal’s essential needs for raw proteins and metabolic energies, the formula should be made by experts so that the daily diet can be formulated in response to feed types,season alternation,and feed resource,and the nutrient contents can also be checked and measured periodically.

 

3动物饲料

3Animal Feeds

饲料应保持清洁干净、新鲜,做到无杂质、无异味、无霉变、无发酵、无虫蛀及鼠咬。不得擅自加入抗生素、驱虫剂、防腐剂、色素、促生长剂以及激素等添加剂。

The feeds should be kept clean and fresh,free from impurities,strange tastes,molds,fermination,insects,and mice、 Additives,such as antibiotics,insectifuge,antiseptic,pigments,growth-promoting agents,and hormones,cannot be added without official permission.

饲料配方要充分考虑动物的生理习性,并注意饲料的适口性,如猴为素食行动物,喜食水果、蔬菜及玉米等粮食作物。饲养中要注意合理搭配。为保证其营养需要,成猴粗蛋白含量一般应达到16%,幼猴还应高些,应达18~20%。应注意钙磷比例,补充维生素C。为达到饲养标准,满足动物粗蛋白质及代谢能的基本需要,其饲料配方应由有专长的人根据饲料品种、季节变化、饲料来源制定相应配方,并定期检测、测定饲料营养成份。

The feeds should be formulated in regard of the animals’ physiological properties, habits, as well as taking account of their oral adaptability.For example,monkeys prefer vegetarian diet,so they favor fruits,vegetables,and corns.Therefore it seems extremely important to make a rational feed formula.In order to ensure the nutritional requirement of monkeys,unprocessed proteins should account for at least 16% of adult monkeys’ feeds.This percentage should be even higher for juvenile monkeys,that is to say,about 18~20%.Attentions should also be paid to the ratio of calcium to phosphorum and supplement of VitC as well.In order to reach the breeding standard and meet animal’s essential needs for raw proteins and metabolic energies, the formula should be made by experts so that the daily diet can be formulated in response to feed types,season alternation,and feed resource,and the nutrient contents can also be checked and measured periodically.

4饮水

4Water drinking

实验动物饮用水应达到城市生活用水标准,并随时注意水质变化。舍内应设自动饮水设备。

Drinking water for experimental animals should reach the standard of urban daily drinking water.And feeders should be alert to any quality change in the water.There should be installed with auto-drinkers inside the cages.

5用具

5Tools

饲养动物所用的锅、碗、瓢、盆、勺、桶、扫帚等工具物品,应按时清洗,定时消毒,专舍专用,分类存放。

Some tools are used in breeding animals, including pots, bowls, large spoons, basins, spoons, barrels, and brooms.These tools should be cleaned and sterilized timely, utilized in specific cages, and kept by categories.

6卫生与防疫

6Sanitation and Epidemic Prevention

卫生防疫是实验动物饲养工作中的一项经常性的非常重要的工作,任何时候都不可疏忽大意,因此,各猴场都要制定切实可行的卫生防疫制度。

Sanitation and epidemic prevention are common problems in the breeding of experimental animals, which play very important roles in this domain.Therefore attentions should be given all the time.For this reason, and every monkey farm should make a practical regulation on sanitation and epidemic prevention.

6、1清洁卫生制度

6、1Regulation of Cleaning

6、1、1每周对猴舍的周围环境进行一次大扫除,并及时清运垃圾,消灭蚊蝇孳生地,禁止随地丢弃污物,禁止随地吐痰。

6、1、1The peripheral circumstance around the monkey cages should have a clean-up weekly,and the wastes should be taken away as soon as possible.Places that are vulnerable to multiplication of mosquitoes and flies should be cleaned entirely.Do not throw away feculences.Neither does spit on the ground.

6、1、2保持动物房卫生,每天清理洗刷猴舍地面、栖息架、笼具、食盆和水盒,清除粪便和残余食物。注意墙角卫生,不留卫生死角,定期用5%来苏水喷洒地面。粪便应经化粪池进行无害化处理。房内禁止存放与动物无关的物品。

6、1、2Keep the monkeys'houses clean.Wash the floor, the rest shelves,cages,food-basins,and water boxes in the monkey house daily,as well as eliminish the stools and residual foods.Keep the wall corns clean so that no blind area of sanitition is left.Spray and wash the floor with 5% Lysol resolution periodically.Animals’ stools should be processed unharmingly in the cesspit.Things that have no business with animals should not be placed in animals’ houses.

动物场应定期进行大扫除,场内做到无污水、无杂草、无边角积垢、无杂物青苔、无蜘蛛网等。

Animals field should also be cleaned-up intermittently, so that the field is free from filthy water, useless grasses, marginal dirts, miscellaneous objects and lichen, as well as no cobwebs.

6、1、3清洁用具和饲养工具要专用,尽量避免异舍使用,用毕及时清洗和消毒。

6、1、3Sanitary wares and breeding tools should be used specally for each cage, rather than cross utilizing.And these tools should be cleaned and sterilized right after use.

6、1、4备料间的用具及设备要定时清洗和消毒,搞好灭鼠、灭蝇、灭蚊工作,防止虫媒传染病的发生。

6、1、4Tools and instruments in the preparing room should be cleaned and sterilized periodically.The work staff should kill rats, flies, and mosquitoes actively in order to prevent occurance of arthropod borne infectious diseases.

6、1、5饲养、管理人员进入饲养区必须穿工作服、长筒靴,戴口罩和工作帽。工作鞋帽应定点放置,专人专用,定时消毒。工作结束后,要认真洗手、消毒,若发生意外伤害,受伤者应及时妥善治疗,以防人畜共患病发生。

6、1、5The feeders and adminatrators must put up work-clothes and Russian boots accompanied with respirators and working hats before entering the working area.Working boots and hats should be placed in fixed position, one set for one person, and sterilized on time.After work, the feeders or administrators should clean and sterilize their hands carefully.If traumatic accidents happen to occur, the wounded person should be treated immediately and correspondingly, so as to prevent zoonosis.

6、2消毒防疫制度

6、2Regulation of Sterilization and Epidermic Prevention

6、2、1猴舍的一切物品未经消毒不得任意带出饲养区;饲养区外物品未经处理不许带入工作区。非工作人员未经许可不得擅自进入动物区,确需进入时,应经过更衣消毒后,由有关人员陪同进入。

6、2、1Everything in the monkey houses cannot be brought out of the breeding area before sterilization;on the other hand,things out of the breeding area cannot be brought into the working area before processing.People who are not members of the working staff shouldn’t enter the animal area without permission.If they have to enter,they must change their clothes and sterilize themselves first,and then enter with certain personnel.

6、2、2饲养区应建立消毒制度。一般情况下应空二消一,即空两天消毒一次。夏天、霉雨季节应空一天消毒一次。特殊情况(如发生传染性疾病)应一天消毒一次或按兽医要求消毒,并不得随意更改。

6、2、2A regulation about sterilization should be established for the breeding area.Generally, sterilization should be carried out once every 3 days.In summer or rain season, sterilization should be conducted every other day.Under special conditions (such as prevalence of some infectious diseases), sterilization can be done once a day or according to the request of veterinarians.

6、2、3饲养场门前应设立消毒室、消毒池。消毒室内应设立紫外线消毒灯。消毒池内应随时放置有效消毒药液(3~5%的来苏水),并保持有效浓度,每周应更换一次。工作人员经过消毒后方可进入饲养室。

6、2、3In front of the breeding farm, there should establish a sterilizing room and a sterilizing pool.The sterilizing room should be equipped with U.V.sterilizing lamps.And there should be effective sterilizing fluid (3~5% Lysol resolution) ready in the pool, which is in an effective concentration.Besides, it should be changed once a week.People who mean to enter the breeding room must take sterilization before.

6、2、4定期进行预防性消毒。动物房常用工具物品,如料桶、料盆、食盒、水盒等,要经常用0.1~0.5%的新洁尔灭浸泡消毒,一般每周不得少于一次;猴舍、猴笼、捕猴网和设备间通常使用2%过氧乙酸喷雾消毒,每半个月消毒一次。室内设有消毒桶,扫帚、拖把、抹布等使用后,应以0.1%新洁尔灭浸泡,清洗凉干后使用。散养的猴舍地面卫生消毒十分重要,通常喷洒消毒液进行消毒。

6、2、4Prophylactic sterilization should be carried out timely.Tools and things that are usually used in animal houses,including feed barrels,feed basins,food boxes,and water boxes,should be soaked in 0.1~0.5% new antamon solution at least once a week.While monkey houses, monkey cages,trapping nets, and the instrument rooms should be sprayed with 2% peroxyacetic acid as frequently as once every two weeks.After use,things like broom,mop,and cloth should be soaked in 0.1% new antamon solution and then washed with water and dried in natual wind before next use.As for the sporadic monkey houses,sanitation and sterilization are also very important elements.These houses are usually sterilized by means of spraying antiseptic fluid.

6、2、5病猴笼、死猴笼、腾空笼、腾空猴舍,须经严格冲洗消毒并经微生物检测合格后方可重新使用。

6、2、5The following cages must be washed and sterilized strictly, and checked by correlative microbe examinations before reuse: cages of illed monkeys, cages of dead monkeys, monkey cages or houses that are left empty.

6、2、6饲养场应设立隔离治疗室,用以隔离治疗患传染性疾病的动物,以防疾病传播。

6、2、6The breeding farm should have isolated therapeutic room to isolate and treat animals with infectious diseases,preventing such diseases from spreading.

6、2、7发生传染病或发现死因不明的动物,应及时对所涉及物品、场地和周围环境进行临时性消毒,待动物处理之后,对单笼饲养的笼具进行火焰消毒,然后对房舍进行彻底消毒。传染病疫情解除后,经消毒后的动物房应至少闲置三个月方可使用。

6、2、7 If there apperar infected animals or animals died from unknown reasons,all the things involved should be temporarily sterilized,as well as the relative fields and surrounding circumstance.After treating the animals,their cages (cages that was lived by the animal itself)should be burned in flames.And the houses should be sterilized thouroughly.The houses should be left empty for at least three months after sterilization.

6、2、8病死动物应报告兽医检查解剖,查明原因后按要求对动物尸体焚烧或深埋,解剖及传染场地要及时消毒。

6、2、8Animals that died of diseases should be reported to veterinarians to conduct autopsy.The animals’ bodies should be burnt or buried deeply under the ground after the reason for death is determined.Since then,the site of autopy and the contaminated site should be sterilized immediately.

6、2、9新进动物未经检疫不得进入饲养房舍。检疫期动物要在固定的房舍和区域内饲养,观察3个月以上,确无疫病才能合群饲养。

6、2、9 Newly imported animals are not allowed to enter the breeding houses before quarantine.During quarantine, the animals should be kept in special houses and areas.The observing period should be more than 3 months.Since then,only animals that are confirmed to be free from diseases can be bred together.

6、2、10青饲料应先清洗干净,然后再用0、01%的高锰酸钾浸泡5分钟以上,再冲洗后方可饲喂。

6、2、10Green feeds should be cleaned first,soaked in 0.01% potassium hypermanganate solution for more than 5 minutes, and then wash the solution off before feeding.

6、2、11运送动物的笼具、用具进出动物场应严格消毒。

6、2、11 The cages and tools used to transmit animals should be strictly sterilized before either entering or leaving the animal field.

6、2、12定期进行灭鼠灭蝇,防止疾病传播。

6、2、12Rats and flies should be eliminated periodically,in odrer to prevent transmitting of diseases.

7饲喂制度

7Breeding Institutions

7、1饲喂方法:每日采用定时定量的方式,一日分两-三次投喂。给食量为每只猴每日300~400克。饲喂时在不打扰动物采食的前提下选择适当的位置观察其采食情况。

7、1Breeding method:Breeding is taken in a timely and quantitative style,about twice to three times per day.Each monkey is given about 300~400 grams of food per day.Observation about how the animals pick food is carried out during breeding time under the premise of not interrupting their picking activity.

7、2饲料卫生:由饲料车间加工膨化好的颗粒料要妥善保存,防止各种污染。各种青饲料要保持品质新鲜,不发生霉烂变质;蔬菜、瓜果一定要洗涤、消毒,凉干后再喂,以免引起肠道传染病或农药中毒。每天必须检查饮水装置,并进行清洗和消毒,保证动物饮水清洁。

7、2Sanitation of feeds:The granular feeds that have been processed in the workshop should be stored appropriately,keeping away from various contaminations.All the green feeds should be kept fresh,free from molds;vegetables and fruits should be cleaned,roughly sterilized,and dried in the air before giving to the animals,preventing intestinal infections or pesticides poisoning.The drinking boxes should be checked everyday,and should be cleaned and sterilized daily to ensure the cleaness of animal’s drinking water.

8观查和记录制度

8Observing and recording institutions

每天利用清洗、饲喂或专门的时间观察猴群,并及时做好观察记录,须观察项目如下:

Observe the action of monkey groups during periods of cleaning,feeding or spcecial period,and record your observation in time.What you should observe are listed as follows:

采食观察:食欲是否正常,有无挑食、拒食、异嗜现象,有无体弱被欺而无法采食者。

Eating status: if the animals have normal appetite? Are the animals fastidious on the feeds or rejective to certain foods, or do they prefer some strange things as food? Is there some monkeys which fail to get foods because of physical weakness?

精神状态:有无萎靡不振、垂头抱腹、躺卧等现象;有无精神狂燥、抽搐、运动失调、四肢瘫痪等症状。

Mental status: Are the animals unable to pick themselves up?Do they lower their heads and hugging their bellies,or simply lie on the ground?Are there symptoms of enthusiasm,twitch,incoordination,and quatriplegia?

粪尿情况:观察排出粪便的颜色、形状、气味、排粪次数、含水量、粪便数量,粪便是否脓血便、水样便、粘液便、带有腐臭味的稀糊状粪便。观察排尿次数、每次尿量及颜色等。同时观察是否有呕吐、口渴、腹胀、脱肛等。

Stools and urines:Observe the color,shape,odor,frequency,water content,and amount of animal stools.Is there pus and blood in the stool?Is the stool as diluted as water?Does the congee-like stool give off foul smells?Observe frequence of urination,urine amount and color of each time.Do the animals manifest vomiting,thirsty,abdomen distension,or rectocele?

皮肤被毛:有无咬伤、创伤、被毛蓬乱、被毛缺损和脱毛等;有无水疱、丘疹、溃疡、脱水皱缩,四肢关节有无肿胀和性皮肿等现象。

Skin and leather:Is there any sign of bite,trauma,disheveled leather,deficiency of leather,or shrink caused by depilation? Is there any swelling or redness existed along the extremities and at the joints?

地面血污:观察记录地面血污的出血量、颜色等,判断是经血、外伤出血、便血、流产先兆、产后出血,还是脱肛等。

Bloodiness on the floor:Observe and record the amount and color of bloodiness on the floor.Judge the origin of the bloodiness.Is it caused by menstrual blood,traumatic bleeding,bloody stools,portent abortion,postnatal bleeding,or rectocele?

交配怀孕及产仔情况:有无雌雄搭配不当,群内有无受欺或被遗弃的公、母猴。及时记录月经、交配、产仔时间等。

Circumstance concerning with copulation, pregnancy,and delivery: Is the ratio of female to male reasonable?Is there any male or female monkey deceived or abandoned by the group?Record the time of menstruation,copulation,and delivery in time.

隔离治疗情况:用药种类、给药时间、治疗效果、疾病转归等情况。

Circumstance about isolation and therapy:categories of drugs administrated,administrating time,therapeutic effects,prognosis of diseases, and so on.

环境控制:注意观察记录猴舍的温度、湿度、通风情况、氨浓度变化及饲养密度等。

Environmental control:Observe and record the temperature,humidity,ventilation,amino concentration,and breeding density of the monkey houses.

9特殊猴群的饲养管理

9Breeding administration of special monkey group

9、1新进猴的饲养管理

9、1Breeding administration of newly imported monkeys

9、1、1验收:对外来猴进行检查、称重,并进行有关来源、年龄、性别、体重、临床检查结果等项目的详细记录。

9、1、1Check-up: Exogenous monkeys should be examined and weighed.And their resource, ages, sex, body weight, and the results of clinical examinations should be kept in details.

9、1、2检疫:检疫方法和程序参照3.1。检疫期不得少于三个月。

9、1、2 Quarantine: See 3.1 for the methods and procedure of quarantine.The duration of quarantine should be at least 3 months.

9、1、3适应性饲养:为了使新进猴很快适应新环境,应对其进行适应性饲养,一般适应期不得少于3个月,也可以酌情延长。此项工作应有固定饲养人员或实验人员负责。要逐步变更饲料,使之逐渐适应基本猴群的饲喂条件。

9、1、3Adaptive breeding:In order to help the newly imported monkeys to accommodate themselves to the new condition, adaptive breeding is required.Generally,such breeding stage should last for no less than 3 months,or even longer if necessary.This procedure should be taken charge of by certain feeders or laboratory personnel.Besides,it is preferred to alter the content of the feeds gradually for the sake of meeting the essential breeding requirement of monkey groups.

9、1、4防寒保暖:冬春季节猴舍温度应保持在15℃左右,切忌忽冷忽热,诱发肺炎。

9、1、4Preventing cold and keeping warm:The temperature of monkey houses should be kept to 15℃ or so in winter and spring.Sudden coldness and sudden hotness should be avoided so that the animals won’t get pneumonia.

9、1、5通风换气:在注意保暖的同时要进行通风换气,以免空气中微生物浓度过高引发呼吸道传染病。

9、1、5 Ventilation:In addition to keeping warm,ventilation is also very important,which is carried out to prevent increased concentration of microbes in the air and hence prevent respiratory infections.

9、1、6预防性治疗:对于易发疾病如肺炎、痢疾和肠道菌群失调等要有足够的重视,要做好预防、治疗和消毒工作,实行预防性给药。

9、1、6 Prophylactic treatment:Pay enough attention to some common diseases,including pneumonia,dysentery,and intestinal dysbateriosis.Work hard to improve respects of prevention,treatment,and sterilization.Administrate drugs prophylacticly.

9特殊猴群的饲养管理

9Breeding administration of special monkey group

9、1新进猴的饲养管理

9、1Breeding administration of newly imported monkeys

9、1、1验收:对外来猴进行检查、称重,并进行有关来源、年龄、性别、体重、临床检查结果等项目的详细记录。

9、1、1Check-up: Exogenous monkeys should be examined and weighed.And their resource, ages, sex, body weight, and the results of clinical examinations should be kept in details.

9、1、2检疫:检疫方法和程序参照3.1。检疫期不得少于三个月。

9、1、2 Quarantine: See 3.1 for the methods and procedure of quarantine.The duration of quarantine should be at least 3 months.

9、1、3适应性饲养:为了使新进猴很快适应新环境,应对其进行适应性饲养,一般适应期不得少于3个月,也可以酌情延长。此项工作应有固定饲养人员或实验人员负责。要逐步变更饲料,使之逐渐适应基本猴群的饲喂条件。

9、1、3Adaptive breeding:In order to help the newly imported monkeys to accommodate themselves to the new condition, adaptive breeding is required.Generally,such breeding stage should last for no less than 3 months,or even longer if necessary.This procedure should be taken charge of by certain feeders or laboratory personnel.Besides,it is preferred to alter the content of the feeds gradually for the sake of meeting the essential breeding requirement of monkey groups.

9、1、4防寒保暖:冬春季节猴舍温度应保持在15℃左右,切忌忽冷忽热,诱发肺炎。

9、1、4Preventing cold and keeping warm:The temperature of monkey houses should be kept to 15℃ or so in winter and spring.Sudden coldness and sudden hotness should be avoided so that the animals won’t get pneumonia.

9、1、5通风换气:在注意保暖的同时要进行通风换气,以免空气中微生物浓度过高引发呼吸道传染病。

9、1、5 Ventilation:In addition to keeping warm,ventilation is also very important,which is carried out to prevent increased concentration of microbes in the air and hence prevent respiratory infections.

9、1、6预防性治疗:对于易发疾病如肺炎、痢疾和肠道菌群失调等要有足够的重视,要做好预防、治疗和消毒工作,实行预防性给药。

9、1、6 Prophylactic treatment:Pay enough attention to some common diseases,including pneumonia,dysentery,and intestinal dysbateriosis.Work hard to improve respects of prevention,treatment,and sterilization.Administrate drugs prophylacticly.

 

9、1、7检疫、适应性饲养期结束后,应将猴分类进行饲养:

9、1、7After quarantine and adaptive breeding, monkeys should bred in categories:

待发猴:小群或单笼饲养

Monkeys that are going to be sent out :should be bred in small groups or single cage.

妊娠猴:送繁殖猴舍,加强营养

Pregnant monkeys :should be sent to cages special for multiplying monkeys and given better nutrition.

种用猴:一般选3.5岁以上12岁以下的健康猴,实行大笼放养

Studmonkeys :Usually choose healthy monkeys from 3.5 to 12 years,being bred in large cages.

婴猴:出生后6个月以内的小猴,一般可由母猴抚养,也可送育成室,进行人工哺育。

Infant monkeys:Infant monkeys within 6 months can be raised by their monther or sent to the infant rooms to be fed with artificial milk.

病猴:发现痢疾、肺炎等传染性疾病时,立即送治疗室进行隔离治疗,以免在猴群中流行传染。

monkeys:Monkeys suffering from infectious diseases like dysentery,pneumonia,etc.should be sent to the treatment room immediately for isolated therapy,avoiding prevalence among monkey groups.

9、2种猴的饲养管理

9、2Breeding management of Studmonkeys

9、2、1一般采用后宫式繁殖的饲养方式。要经常检查刚合笼群养的猴群,若发现个别胆怯不敢采食的猴,要立即调出。合理调配后要保持正常的种群关系,不要轻易改变群间关系,以免发生不必要的角斗而引起外伤、流产和早产等损伤。

9、2、1A breeding pattern, named imperial-harem-like reproduction is commonly adopted、 Monkey groups that are bred together should be examined frequently.If there appear to be monkeys that are fraid of picking foods, than these monkey should be picked out immediately.One should maintain the normal relationship among monkey groups、 Don’t alter the inter-group relationship without comprehensive thought so as to prevent trauma, abortion, and premature delivery caused by unnecessary fights.

9、2、2保证营养需求:蛋白质应占日粮的20%左右,适量增加维生素C及微量元素,还要供给足够的水果蔬菜类青饲料。

9、2、2Meet the requirement for nutritions:protein should take account for 20% of daily diet,accompanied with proper amount of VitC and some microelements,as well as abundant green feeds like fruits and vegetables.

9、2、3减少惊扰:非特殊情况,尽量减少捕捉动物。

9、2、3 Reduce unnecessary disturbance: reduce the action of arresting animals as possible as one can under non-special conditions.

9、2、4加强观察:选配不当者及时调配,对咬伤情况早发现、早治疗,有流产先兆者及时处理(黄体酮10~15 mg,VE 10mg,每天一次,连用三天)。平时密切观察孕猴有无异常表现,若有异常,则应及时采取妥善处理措施,并向兽医报告。应每半年或一年做一次结核菌素检查。

9、2、4Put emphasis on observing:regulate the unmatchable relationship promptly,as well as detect and treat biting injury as early as possible.For monkeys with portent abortion,prompt treatment is also urged (pregnendione 10~15 mg,VE 10mg,Qd,for successive 3 days).Closely observe the illed monkeys for abnormal manifestations.If any,appropriate treatment should be given in time,including giving a report to the veterian.Besides,,tuberculin test should be taken once a year or once a half year.

9、3离乳仔猴的饲养管理

9、3Breeding management for juvenile monkeys out of lactation

9、3、1仔猴出生后4~6个月龄离乳,从生产间到育成室进行人工喂养,同时进行编号挂牌,存入档案。

9、3、1The juvenile monkeys cease lactation at the age of 4~6 months old.At that time,they are sent to the grow-up room to take artificial feeding,and are assigned serial numbers and name plates simultaneously,which are kept in official files.

9、3、2离乳仔猴多采用笼养,两猴同笼被此保温,育成室室内温度不低于15℃。

9、3、2Out-of-lactation juvenile monkeys are usually raised in cages,generally two monkeys per cage.The temperature of the grow-up room should be no less than15℃.

9、3、3根据仔猴的特点饲养时采取少喂多餐的方法,同时每天每只补喂10g奶粉,并适量加入鱼肝油、酵母粉及VC制剂。

9、3、3Considering the properties of juvenile monkeys,a breeding pattern of more meals and smaller amount (for each meal)is highly evaluated.In addition to such principles,a complement of 10g milk powders,as well as proper amount of cod-liver oil,yeast powder,and VC reagent,is also recommended.

9、3、4仔猴常见病为肺炎、腹泻及呕吐,应从温度、食量及环境上加以控制,减少发病。

9、3、4Common diseases of juvenile monkeys include pneumonia, diarrhea and vomiting.In order to reduce the incidence, the manager should do something to control the temperature, food amount, and environment around the animals.

9、4病猴的饲养管理

9、4 Breeding management for illed monkeys

9、4、1猴群中发现病猴应及时抓出,放入治疗室由专人饲养管理,进行隔离治疗,密切注意水、电解质平衡。

9、4、1 First,the illed monkeys should be found out and picked out as early as possible,put into treatment room to be taken care by special persons for necessary isolation and therapy.One should pay much attention on the balance of water and electrolytes.

9、4、2病猴的饲喂应按其营养需要及治疗需要,调整饲料品质和数量。

9、4、2 Breeding of the illed monkeys should be in accord with both nutritional and therapeutic requirement by means of regulating the nature and amount of feeds.

9、4、3负责病猴饲养管理的人员,须掌握一定的兽医知识和治疗技术,配合兽医实施治疗。

9、4、3 People who are in charge of the breeding of the illed monkeys should master some veterinary knowledge and corresponding therapeutic techniques so as to help the veterinarian to impliment treatment.

9、4、4治疗室要保持整洁,保持温度相对稳定。门口设置消毒盘,地面每周消毒两次,每周进行一次全方位的消毒;所用器械及物品必须及时消毒,擦干和晾干后摆放整齐。

9、4、4 The treatment room should be kept neat and clean,with relatively stable temperature.There should be sterilizing plate at the door.The floor should be sterilized twice per week, in addition to an overall sterilization weekly.All the instruments and articles must be sterilized right after use,as well as wiped,dried (in the sun)and placed orderly.

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